Linux的静态IP配置

在 Internet 上有千百万台主机，为了区分这些主机，人们给每台主机都分配了一个专门的地址，称为 IP 地址。通过 IP 地址就可以访问到每一台主机。IP 地址由 4 部分数字组成，每部分数字对应于 8 位二进制数字，各部分之间用小数点分开。如某一台主机的 IP 地址为：211.152.65.112，Internet IP 地址由 NIC（Internet Network Information Center）统一负责全球地址的规划、管理；同时由 Inter NIC、APNIC、RIPE 三大网络信息中心具体负责美国及其它地区的 IP 地址分配。

本篇文章简单介绍下 Linux 下怎么配置静态 IP 地址！

CentOS 7 / Fedora 22+

Edit the interface’s config file:

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

. . .

GATEWAY=198.51.100.1

# Your primary public IP address.
# The netmask is taken from the PREFIX (where 24 is Public IP, 17 is Private IP).
IPADDR0=198.51.100.5
PREFIX0="24"

# To add a second public IP address:
IPADDR1=198.51.100.10
PREFIX1="24"

# To add a private IP address:
IPADDR2=192.0.2.6
PREFIX2="17"

CentOS 6

CentOS 6 needs interface aliases specified in its config files. This means that additional IPs are assigned to an alias you create for eth0 (for example, eth0:1, etho0:2, etc.). CentOS 6 keeps each interface configuration in a separate file at /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<interface_alias_name>so you’ll need to create one for eth0, and one for each alias you would like.

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
    
# Your primary public IP address.
IPADDR=198.51.100.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=198.51.100.1

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1

# eth0:1
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes

# To add a second public IP address:
IPADDR=198.51.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

Debian / Ubuntu

Edit the interface’s config file:

/etc/network/interfaces

. . .

# Your primary public IP address.
iface eth0 inet static
    address 198.51.100.5/24
    gateway 198.51.100.1

# To add a second public IP address:
iface eth0 inet static
    address 198.51.100.10/24

# To add a private IP address:
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.0.2.6/17

Gentoo

Networking in Gentoo utilizes the netifrc utility. Addresses are specified in the config_eth0 line and separated by spaces.

/etc/conf.d/net

config_eth0="198.51.100.5/24 198.51.100.10/24 192.0.2.6/17"
routes_eth0="default gw 198.51.100.1"
. . .

OpenSUSE

1. Edit the interface’s config file:

   /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0

   . . .
   
   # Your primary public IP address.
   IPADDR='198.51.100.5'
   NETMASK='255.255.255.0'
   GATEWAY="198.51.100.1"
   
   # Add a second public IP address:
   IPADDR1='198.51.100.10'
   NETMASK1='255.255.255.0'
   LABEL1='1'
   
   # Add a private IP address:
   IPADDR2='192.0.2.6'
   NETMASK2='255.255.128.0'
   LABEL2='2'

2. You will also need to add your gateway to the network routes file:

   /etc/sysconfig/network/routes

   # Destination   Gateway                 Netmask                 Device
   default         198.51.100.1            255.255.255.0           eth0

DNS Resolver Settings

File excerpt: /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

For more info on resolv.conf, see its manual page.